Tense (কাল)

Prepared by MD. SHAMIM HOSSEN SOURAV

Tense

⁂ wµqv m¤úvw`Z nIqvi mgq‡KB Tense e‡j|

Tense mvaviYZ wZb cÖKvi| -

Past Tense

Sh@mim  Sir

Past Tense:  Verb Gi KvR hLb AZxZ †K wb‡`©k K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Past Tense e‡j| Example: Kamal was reading book. Nayem played cricked.

Past Tense Avevi Pvi cÖKvi|

i. Past Indifinite Tense: AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR Kiv n‡qwQj wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b Zvi dj we`¨gvb †bB Giæc †evSv‡j Zv‡K Past Indefinite e‡j|

Structure: Sub + V₂ + Object + Extension.  Example-

I went to school yesterday.

Kamal played football.

She went to market.

I met him yesterday.

Note: Ago, last night, last week, last month, since, yesterday, it is time, it is high time BZ¨vw` Sentense hy³ mvaviYZ Past indefinite Tense nq|

I went there yesterday.

I met him long ago.

I met him long since.

It is high time we changed our food habit.

It is time we left the place.

I called him last night.

ii. Past Continuous Tense: AZx‡Z †Kvb KvR wKQz mgq a‡i PjwQj Giæc †evSv‡j Zv‡K Past Continuous Tense Ges Ab¨wU Past Indefinite Tense e‡j|

Structure: Sub + was/were+ Verb + ing  + Object + Extension.  Example-

When he came to me, I was reading.

I was playing.

Some men were gossiping.

Some boys were playing football.

When I came home, mother was cooking rice.

iii. Past Perfect Tense: AZx‡Z `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ ‡hwU A‡cÿvK…Z c~‡e© m¤úbœ n‡qwQj †mwU Past Perfect Tense Ab¨wU Past Indefinite Tense e‡j|

Structure: Sub + had + V₃ + Object + Extension.  Example-

Ali said that I had done the work.

We had arrived at the station before the train. (⁂ After Gi c‡i    Before Gi Av‡M)

I went to school after my father had gone to office.

As soon as they had finished the work they went out.

He refused to help me till he had known me well.

Sh@mim  Sir

Note: No sooner had.....than, Scarcely had..... when... BZ¨vw` Øviv `ywU hy³ _vK‡j cÖ_g wU Past Perfect Tense Ges Ab¨wU Past Indefinite Tense e‡j|

No sooner had I go out than he came.

Scarcely had I go out when he came.

iv. Past Perfect Continuous Tense: AZx‡Z `ywU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ ‡hwU A‡cÿvK…Z c~‡e©i KvRwU `xN© mgq a‡i Pj‡ZwQj eySv‡j Zv‡K  Past Perfect Continuous Tense e‡j|

Structure: Sub + had been + V + ing + Object + Extension.  Example-

I had been reading for two hours.

We had been playing football before the rain started.

My father had been teaching there for six month.

 

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