Sentence

Definition:

A sentence is a word or group of words that must expresses a complete idea or sense or meaning and that may consists of a subject and a verb.
Also it may have an object or a complement and the words must be order properly.
যে শব্দ বা শব্দ সমষ্টি দ্বারা সম্পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ পায় এবং যা সাধারণত কর্তা এবং ক্রিয়া দ্বারা গঠিত তাকে sentence বা বাক্য বলা হয় ।
Example:
- We practice English everyday. (Here we is subject, practice is verb, English is object and everyday is adverb)
Basically there are two parts of a sentence: (একটি Sentence এ মূলত দুটি অংশ থাকে)

• Subject and
• Predicate

Subject: A subject of a sentence is a person or thing about which something is said or written.

Predicate: And the Predicate that says what the Subject does.

যে ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু সম্পর্কে কোনকিছু বলা বা লিখা হয় তাকে Subject বা কর্তা বলে ।
যা subject বা কর্তা সম্পর্কে বলে বা করে বা লিখে তাকে Predicate বলা হয় ।
In the above example ‘We’ is subject and ‘practice English everyday’ is Predicate. A sentence usually starts with a subject and then predicate comes.

N. B.: In some case like order, advice or request subject is not mentioned. It is userstood.
Example:
- (You) Keep quite.
- (You) Take care of your health.
- (I) Thank you.
And sometimes sentence starts with the predicate and then subject comes.
Example:
- Long live Bangladesh
- Down went the Titanic.

Kinds of Sentence:
Sentence can be classified into five categories according to the meaning or functions.
They are:-

1. Assertive Sentence
2. Interrogative Sentence
3. Imperative Sentence
4. Optative Sentence
5. Exclamatory Sentence

1.Assertive Sentence:

An assertive sentence is a simple statement or assertion, either affirmative or negative.

Pattern:
Subject + verb + Object/complement/adverb Example:
-English is an International Language. (Affirmative)
-We do not do bad things. (Negative)
-Everybody should know English. (Modal auxiliaries)

2. Interrogative Sentence:

Interrogative sentence is a sentence that ask question to replay about some person or things and ends with a question mark (?).
There are two ways to form an interrogative sentence.
I. Begins with helping verbs (am, is, are, was, were, have, had) or modal auxiliaries (shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might etc.).
Example:
- Do you have your assignment ready?
- Does he speak English?
- Did she work abroad?
- Should I go there?
- Can you hear the sound?
- Don’t you want any food? (Negative)

II. Begins with some specific words like who, which, what, when, where, why, how, whom, how much, how many. These are known as ‘WH’ questions.
Example:
- How is your business going on?
- Who fixed the computer?
- Whom do you support?
- What are you expecting from me?
- What time is it now?
- How many people have died there?

3. Imperative Sentence:

A sentence that expresses a request, command, order, advice, suggestion is an imperative sentence.
In a imperative sentence, subject is usually unexpressed, it is understood.
Pattern:
Subject (Invisible) + verb + object / where
Example:
- Take care of you.
- Give me the pen.
- Do it now.
- Be honest.
- Come here
- Never tell a lie
- Do not laugh at others helplessness.
- Let him go there.

Clear Head: You must do your duty. (It is assertive, not imperative.)

4. Optative Sentence:

Wish, desire, prayer are expressed by the Optative sentence.
Pattern:
May + Assertive Example:
- May you live long.
- May Allah bless you.
- Wish you all the best.
- Long live Bangladesh (can be formed without ‘may’)

5. Exclamatory Sentence:

Exclamatory is a sentence which expresses strong/sudden feeling or emotion like surprise, pain, delight, anger, disgust etc.
Pattern:
Alas/ Hurrah/ Bravo/ What/ How etc. + Others
Example:
- Hurrah! Our cricket team has won the series.
- Alas! He has failed the competition.
- Bravo! You have done a great job.
- What a talent-full girl she is!
- How sweetly the cuckoo sings!
- What a wonderful land Bangladesh is!
- Were I a Super Hero!
- What a pity!
- Fantastic!
- What an idea!
- Put that down now!
- Leave the package at the door.
- Walk softly, please.


Structure of a Sentence:
According to structure sentence are three types.
I. Simple Sentence.
II. Complex Sentence.
III. Compound Sentence.

I. Simple Sentence:

Simple sentence is structured with only one subject and one finite verb.
Simple sentence has only one independent clause.
Pattern:
Subject + finite verb + complement
Exmaple: - Bangladesh is a populated country
- Life is not a bed of roses
- Human is the superior in this planet.

II. Complex Sentence:

A sentence consisting of one principal clause and one or more sub-ordinate clauses is a complex sentence.
Example:
- If you work hard, you will shine in life. (Here, ‘if you work hard’ is sub-ordinate clause and ‘you will shine in life’ is Main or principal clause) Sub-ordinate clause begins with conjunctions like who, which, that, when, how, where, while, if, whether, because, since, as, though, although, till, until, unless, before, after, so that, whenever, wherever, whoever, whatever etc.
Example: - I know where he lives.
- I do not know what his name is.
- While there is life there is hope
- We eat so that we can survive.

III. Compound Sentence:

A sentence having more than one principal clauses linked by one or more coordinating conjunctions preceded by a comma is called compound sentence.
Conjunctions are used in compound sentences are and, but, or, for, nor, also, however, moreover, thus, so, therefore, else, still, as well as, accordingly, otherwise, yet, not yet, but also, either or, neither nor, on the contrary etc.
Example:
- Respect others, and others will respect you.
- He loves us, but he does not show it.